Lifelong residential exposure to green space and attention: A population-based prospective study

Background: Natural environments, including green spaces, may have beneficial impacts on brain development. However, longitudinal evidence of an association between long-term exposure to green spaces and cognitive development (including attention) in children is limited. Objectives: We evaluated the association between lifelong residential exposure to green space and attention during preschool and early primary school years. Methods: This longitudinal study was based on data from two well-established population-based birth cohorts in Spain. We assessed lifelong exposure to residential surrounding greenness and tree cover as the average of satellite-based normalized difference vegetation index and vegetation continuous fields, respectively, surrounding the child’s residential addresses at birth, 4–5 y, and 7 y. Attention was characterized using two computer-based tests: Conners’ Kiddie Continuous Performance Test (K-CPT) at 4–5 y (n=888) and Attentional Network Task (ANT) at 7 y (n=987). We used adjusted m...