Factors influencing decisions about neurogenic bladder and bowel surgeries among veterans and civilians with spinal cord injury.

Objective This study investigated factors influencing surgical decision-making (DM) to treat neurogenic bladder and bowel (NBB) dysfunction for veterans and civilians with spinal cord injury (SCI) in the United States (US). Design Semi-structured interviews complemented by survey measures. Setting Community-dwelling participants who received treatment at a major Midwestern US medical system, a nearby Veterans Affairs (VA) facility, and other VA sites around the US. Participants Eighteen participants with SCI who underwent surgeries; completed semi-structured interviews and survey measures. Interventions Not applicable. Outcomes measures Semi-structured interviews were coded to reflect factors, DM enactment, and outcomes, including surgery satisfaction and quality of life (QOL). Quantitative measures included COMRADE, Ways of Coping Questionnaire, Bladder and Bowel Treatment Inventory, PROMIS Global Health and Cognitive Abilities scales, and SCI-QOL Bladder and Bowel short form. Results Themes identified about factors influencing DM included: recurrent symptoms and complications; balancing dissatisfaction with NBB management against surgery risks; achieving independence and life style adjustments; participant's driven solutions; support and guidance and trust in doctors; and access and barriers to DM. DM enactment varied across surgeries and individuals, revealing no clear patterns. Most participants were satisfied with the surgery outcomes. Some differences in demographics were observed between veterans and civilians. Conclusions We have attempted to illustrate the process of NBB DM as individuals move from factors to enactment to outcomes. Attending to the complexity of the DM process through careful listening and clear communication will allow clinicians to better assist patients in making surgical decisions about NBB management.