Old‐growth forests buffer climate‐sensitive bird populations from warming
2018
Aim Habitat loss and climate change constitute two of the greatest threats to biodiversity worldwide, and theory predicts that these factors may act synergistically to affect population trajectories. Recent evidence indicates that structurally complex
old-growth forestcan be cooler than other forest types during spring and summer months, thereby offering potential to buffer populations from
negative effectsof warming. Old growth may also have higher food and nest-site availability for certain species, which could have disproportionate fitness benefits as species approach their thermal limits. Location Pacific Northwestern United States. Methods We predicted that
negative effectsof climate change on 30-year population trends of old-growth-associated birds should be dampened in landscapes with high proportions of
old-growth forest. We modelled population trends from
Breeding Bird Surveydata for 13 species as a function of temperature change and proportion
old-growth forest. Results We found a significant
negative effectof summer warming on only two species. However, in both of these species, this relationship between warming and
population declinewas not only reduced but reversed, in old-growth-dominated landscapes. Across all 13 species, evidence for a buffering effect of
old-growth forestincreased with the degree to which species were negatively influenced by summer warming. Main conclusions These findings suggest that
old-growth forestsmay buffer the
negative effectsof climate change for those species that are most sensitive to temperature increases. Our study highlights a mechanism whereby management strategies to curb degradation and loss of
old-growth forests—in addition to protecting habitat—could enhance biodiversity persistence in the face of climate warming.
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