Clarifying Terrestrial Recycling Pathways.

Pausas and Bond [ 1 ] argue that there are three major pathways by which the carbon and nutrients assimilated by plants are recycled through ecosystems: microbial decomposition, vertebrate herbivory, and wildfires. This framework has three principles. First, that each pathway recycles nutrients into plant-available forms. Second, that each pathway is broadly equivalent in that they consume ‘biomass’. Third, that the dominance of each pathway varies under different environmental conditions. We welcome the reframing of terrestrial recycling pathways in this way, but have identified three areas where the ‘Three Pathways Framework’ could be built upon: