Vaccine Use in Immunocompromised Adults: Challenges and Solutions

Abstract The use of vaccines in immunocompromised adults presents unique challenges: heterogeneity in degree of immunosuppression as well as in immunocompromising conditions and immunosuppressive agents; limited data on vaccine responses across complex combinations of age, medical comorbidities, and iatrogenic immunosuppression; and potential safety risks in the case of live vaccines. Herein we review these challenges, evidence for current best practices, need for further investigation, and potential solutions for vaccine use in immunocompromised adults. Special emphasis is placed on live vaccines and safety in these populations.