Ultrasound wave assisted removal of Ceftriaxone sodium in aqueous media with novel nano composite g-C3N4/MWCNT/Bi2WO6 based on CCD-RSM model

Abstract The aim of this study was ultrasound assisted removal of Ceftriaxone sodium (CS) based on CCD model. Using sonochemical synthesized Bi 2 WO 6 implanted on graphitic carbon nitride/Multiwall carbon nanotube (g-C 3 N 4 /MWCNT/Bi 2 WO 6 ). For this purpose g-C 3 N 4 /MWCNT/Bi 2 WO 6 was synthesized and characterized using diverse approaches including XRD, FE-SEM, XPS, EDS, HRTEM, FT-IR. Then, the contribution of conventional variables including pH, CS concentration, adsorbent dosage and ultrasound contact time were studied by central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM). ANOVA was employed to the variable factors, and the most desirable operational conditions mass provided. Drug adsorption yield of 98.85% obtained under these defined conditions. Through conducting five experiments, the proper prediction of the optimum point were examined. The respective results showed that RSD% was lower than 5% while the t -test confirmed the high quality of fitting. Langmuir isotherm equation fits the experimental data best and the removal followed pseudo-second order kinetics. The estimation of the experimentally obtained maximum adsorption capacities was 19.57 mg.g − of g-C 3 N 4 /MWCNT/Bi 2 WO 6 for CS. Boundary layer diffusion explained the mechanism of removal via intraparticle diffusion.