The Forming Control Method of Double-Layer and Multi-Track Stacking Laser Cladding Applied on Crankshafts Restoration

Response surface methodology was adopted to establish the mathematical model between the parameters (overlap ratio, Y-axis lift, and X-axis offset) and responses (non-fusion area, flatness ratio, and width of clad). The results indicated that the non-fusion area reduced at first and increased afterwards as overlap ratio decreased and Y-axis lift increased, while gradually reduced when overlap ratio increased and X-axis offset decreased. The flatness ratio gradually decreased by lowering the overlap ratio and raising the X-axis offset but gradually increased as Y-axis lift and X-axis offset lowered simultaneously. The clad width gradually reduced when overlap ratio or X-axis offset increased. A validation experiment was carried out with the target of minimizing the non-fusion area and maximizing the flatness ratio. The error rate for both responses was 7.7% and 3.6%, respectively. This article provides a theoretical basis for the forming control and prediction of double-layer and multi-track coatings by laser cladding.