Plant–Soil–Microorganism Interaction Involved in Natural Suppression of Take-All Disease

Take-all disease is the most important root disease in wheat caused by the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici. Considering economic importance of wheat, the disease is a serious problem worldwide. The effective and economically feasible control of the disease is a major problem around the globe. Strategies based on chemical control of take-all have been inefficient due to that the control of soil-borne pathogen is depending on the use of soil fumigants of broad-spectrum gaseous as methyl bromide, chloropicrin, metam sodium which are unacceptable in agriculture. The discovery of suppressive soils involving major plant–microbe interactions resulted in some significant advances, particularly in elucidating the role of the enzymes. These microbes through several mechanisms including the biocontrol, antibiosis, systemic resistance in plants (ISR) have made advanced progress in identifying major factors involved host range and pathogenicity determining as well as recognizing the mechanism that explains disease suppression. Moreover, the high-throughput sequencing techniques open new avenues for microbial control of plant disease considering, for example, the engineering plant microbiome to improve the plant health and food security.