Molecular Marker and Therapeutic Regimen for Neurodegenerative Diseases

The aging brainand nervous system go through changes by natural processes over time. The gradual loss of nerve cells takes place in normal aging process, while in some cases, collapsed old nerve cells lead to lots of accumulation of nerve cell’s waste, eventually forming plaques and tangles. The plaques and tanglesresult in dementia (the memory loss) or movement disorder, which initiate different neurodegenerative diseases in aging. Disease-associated behavioral changes will start and become worse if it could not be detected in the early stage. It can be prevented by mental and physical exercise in normal aging process. Further, neurodegenerative disease in aging could be protected from promoting by early detection with potent molecular markers. The molecule which has direct or indirect role with the pathophysiology of the disease that reflects the insight for early diagnosis can distinguish disease accurately from normal. A molecular markermay simply refer to any biomolecule that can be estimated and utilized as a yardstickof a physiological or pathological state. In this chapter, the molecular markershave been described in context to the neuronal physiology and their potential diagnostic utility in neurodegeneration. This chapter presented the recently exploited biological molecules which have neuropathological role for the development of molecular markersin Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease.